Nasser Lake
Stretching south from Aswan nearly 350 miles (550 km beyond the southern border
of Egypt and into northern Sudan, Lake Nasser is the huge freshwater reservoir
formed by the construction of the High Dam at Aswan during the 1960s.
The High Dam replaced a smaller dam completed by the British colonial
government in 1902, which proved too small to control the flow of the river.
The construction of the dam began in 1960 as part of a major development
initiative under President Gamal Abdel Nasser after the 1954 Free Officers
Revolution.The Dam was intended to increase agricultural production and provide flood
protection throughout the Nile Valley, as well as provide access to electricity
for many of Egypt’s villages.The dam was controversial from the start because the rising waters of the lake
forced the displacement of over 100,000 Nubian people in Egypt and northern
Sudan and threatened to inundate many important monuments, including the Abu
Simbel temples.
Regardless of the costs or benefits of the High Dam project, the dam stands
today as an impressive engineering marvel and the huge reservoir behind it
provides a unique expanse of water in the arid climate of southern Egypt.
Lake Nasser has created a new economy based around fishing in its vast waters
and it has helped the development of tourism in Egypt’s south. With the help of
international organizations, many of the monuments threatened by the rising
waters were relocated to high ground along the banks of the lake where tourists
can easily visit them today by boat.Although the displacement of the Nubian people remains a controversial
political issue, many of these people now live in and around Aswan, managing to
keep their unique culture alive with extra income from tourism.Nasser Lake provides a relaxing gateway to
the south. Nasser Lake ships carry visitors from just south of Aswan to visit
the monuments along its banks, including Philae Temple, Abu Simbel, Kalabsha Temple, Qasr Ibrim, and
several others. The waters of the lake are the only place in Egypt where one can still see the
infamous Nile crocodile since their populations have been depleted below the
dam and the starkly beautiful desert scenery along the banks provides a perfect
opportunity to relax during several days cruising the historic sites of Ancient
Nubia.